Cet article fournit diverses statistiques sur la démographie d'Israël. The Israeli Interior Ministry is planning on eventually uniting the neighboring city of Bat Yam and Tel Aviv. A maintenance depot, connected via a branch line and tunnel to the main section of the line, will be constructed in Kiryat Arye, across from the existing Kiryat Arye suburban railway station. Buildings in Jaffa and the southern and eastern districts may have two and a half stories added, while those on Ibn Gabirol Street might be extended by seven and a half stories. [128] Other notable schools in Tel Aviv include Shevah Mofet, the second Hebrew school in the city, Ironi Alef High School for Arts and Alliance. Cost of living survey 2012 | News | guardian.co.uk", "MasterCard ranks Tel Aviv as fifth most visited city in Middle East and Africa", "Tourists rank Jerusalem and Tel Aviv among top cities to visit", "Today in history: Founding of Tel Aviv - Christian News - Jerusalem Post", "The promised landfill: 106 years of garbage in Tel Aviv", "Tel-Aviv Centennial – "Ahuzat-Bayit Land Lottery", "The White City: Tel Aviv And Its Bauhaus Tradition", http://www.isragen.org.il/siteFiles/1/153/6574.asp, Report of the Commission of Enquiry into the disturbances in Palestine in May, 1921, "White City of Tel-Aviv – the Modern Movement", "LOCALITIES, POPULATION AND DENSITY PER SQ. In this city we will build the streets so they have roads and sidewalks and electric lights. [158][159], In November 2012, it was announced that to encourage investment in the city's architecture, residential towers throughout Tel Aviv would be extended in height. Tel Aviv-Yafo (Hebrew: תֵּל־אָבִיב–יָפוֹ – Tel Aviv-Yafo [tel aˈviv ˈjafo]; Arabic: تَلّ أَبِيب - يَافَا – Tall ʾAbīb - Yāfā), often referred to as just Tel Aviv, is the most populous city in the Gush Dan metropolitan area of Israel. [123] The population over age 65 stands at 14.6 percent compared with 19% in 1983. Tel Aviv has a population of 405,000 spread over a land area of 52,000 dunams (52.0 km2) (20 mi²), yielding a population density of 7,606 people per square kilometer (19,699 per square mile). Lee Yaron. Tel Aviv is well-known for hosting a young population, and for the quality of its nightlife. [176], The Suzanne Dellal Center for Dance and Theater, Heichal HaTarbut theatre, home to the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra, Tel Aviv receives about 2.5 million international visitors annually, the fifth-most-visited city in the Middle East & Africa. It is home to many museums, architectural and cultural sites, with city tours available in different languages. Winters are mild and wet, with most of the annual precipitation falling within the months of December, January and February as intense rainfall and thunderstorms. Other parks within city limits include Charles Clore Park, Independence Park, Meir Park and Dubnow Park. [237] It contains Ichilov Hospital, the Ida Sourasky Rehabilitation Center, Lis Maternity and Women's Hospital, and Dana-Dwek Children's Hospital. The first Hebrew high school, called Herzliya Hebrew Gymnasium, was established in Jaffa in 1905 and moved to Tel Aviv after its founding in 1909, where a new campus on Herzl Street was constructed for it. [122] The age profile is relatively even, with 22.2 percent aged under 20, 18.5 percent aged 20–29, 24 percent aged 30–44, 16.2 percent aged between 45 and 59, and 19.1 percent older than 60. Driving north on Ayalon gives access to the Highway 2 coastal road leading to Netanya, Hadera and Haifa. [68] In addition to city- and country-wide celebrations, digital collections of historical materials were assembled. [32] Some of the city's Modernist buildings were neglected to the point of ruin. [35] Within a year, Herzl, Ahad Ha'am, Yehuda Halevi, Lilienblum, and Rothschild streets were built; a water system was installed; and 66 houses (including some on six subdivided plots) were completed. Due to the international dispute over the status of Jerusalem, most embassies remained in or near Tel Aviv. Tel Aviv's White City, around the city center, contains more than 5,000 Modernist-style buildings inspired by the Bauhaus school and Le Corbusier. Iraq hoped to provoke an Israeli military response, which could have destroyed the US–Arab alliance. Other notable projects included the construction of Marganit Tower in 1987, the opening of the Suzanne Dellal Center for Dance and Theater in 1989, and the Tel Aviv Cinematheque (opened in 1973 and located to the current building in 1989). "[74], Since the First Intifada, Tel Aviv has suffered from Palestinian political violence. Enav Cultural Center is one of the newer additions to the cultural scene. [45] In the wake of this violence, many Jews left Jaffa for Tel Aviv. (2006) The Strategic Plan for Tel Aviv Yafo. [19] The name of the unified city was Tel Aviv until 19 August 1950, when it was renamed Tel Aviv-Yafo in order to preserve the historical name Jaffa. [171] In 2013, Tel Aviv had more than 700 startup companies and research and development centers, and was ranked the second-most innovative city in the world, behind Medellín and ahead of New York City. As with the rest of Israel, bus transport is the most common form of public transport and is very widely used. Tel Aviv's LGBT community is the subject of Eytan Fox's 2006 film The Bubble. [173][174] The cost of living in Israel is high, with Tel Aviv being its most expensive city to live in. In alphabetical order by surname; stage names are treated as single names: Location of Tel-Aviv-Yafo within the Earth, Master plan for the Tel Aviv township, 1925, 1904–1917: Foundation in the Late Ottoman Period, British administration 1917–34: Townships within the Jaffa Municipality, 1970s and 1980s population and urban decline. The city also contains Assuta Medical Center, a private hospital which offers surgical and diagnostic services in all fields of medicine and has an IFV clinic. [188][189] The city has also been ranked as one of the top 10 oceanfront cities. There are also a sizable number of Ethiopian Jews and their descendants living in Tel Aviv. Namir Road connects the city to Highway 2, Israel's main north–south highway, and Begin/Jabotinsky Road, which provides access from the east through Ramat Gan, Bnei Brak and Petah Tikva. [55] In 2011, Tel Aviv had an unemployment rate of 4.4 percent. Industries in Tel Aviv include chemical processing, textile plants and food manufacturers. [135] In 2008, a center for secular Jewish studies and a secular yeshiva opened in the city. Unemployment rates throughout the world seem to be shifting all the time, and Tel Aviv is no different. Tel Aviv Population, Male, 1948-2008 - … [61], In the 1990s, the decline in Tel Aviv's population began to be reversed and stabilized, at first temporarily due to a wave of immigrants from the former Soviet Union. Tel Aviv is known for the supportive and collaborative gay community that continues to grow. In December 2008, Tel Aviv began putting together a team of gay athletes for the 2009 World Outgames in Copenhagen. The early architecture of Tel Aviv consisted largely of European-style single-story houses with red-tiled roofs. [226], At the end of the 20th century, the city began restoring historical neighborhoods such as Neve Tzedek and many buildings from the 1920s and 1930s. According to the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), as of 2009[update] Tel Aviv's population is growing at an annual rate of 0.5 percent. Similar processes are occurring in nearby Neve Tzedek, the original Jewish neighborhood outside of Jaffa. West and East Jerusalem combined have 901,000 residents, more than twice as many as Tel Aviv-Yafo with 444,000. In Tel Aviv there are some dessert specialties, the most known is the Halva ice cream traditionally topped with date syrup and pistachios, Israel has the highest number of museums per capita of any country, with three of the largest located in Tel Aviv. 2,643. The opening ceremony of the Jaffa Electric Company powerhouse, on 10 June 1923, celebrated the lighting of the two main streets of Tel Aviv. National Sport Center Tel Aviv (also Hadar Yosef Sports Center) is a compound of stadiums and sports facilities. [161] As it was built on sand dunes in an area unsuitable for farming, it instead developed as a hub of business and scientific research. [193][194][195] Tel Aviv has 44 hotels with more than 6,500 rooms. Between 2007 and 2012, the city's population growth averaged 6.29 percent. [205] In addition, Tel Aviv hosts an annual LGBT Film festival. [55] Construction activity had moved away from the inner ring of Tel Aviv, and had moved to its outer perimeter and adjoining cities. Tel Aviv is home to Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, the third-largest hospital complex in Israel. Tel Aviv–Yafo - Tel Aviv–Yafo - People: At the beginning of the 20th century about 40,000 inhabitants, roughly four-fifths Arab, resided in Jaffa. Israel: Strategic Planning Unit. In 2013, Absolut Vodka introduced a specially designed bottle dedicated to Tel Aviv as part of its international cities series. De 1955 à 1974, des fouilles archéologiques ont révélé la présence ancienne de fortifications datant de l'âge du Bronze moyen. The city is constantly growing and many of the past problems in Tel Aviv are coming to an end. Tel Aviv, along with the rest of the Jaffa municipality, was conquered by the British imperial army in late 1917 during the Sinai and Palestine Campaign of World War I and became part of British-administered Mandatory Palestine until 1948. Most precipitation falls in the form of rain between the months of October and April, with intervening dry summers. [184] Tel Aviv has been named the third "hottest city for 2011" (behind only New York City and Tangier) by Lonely Planet, third-best in the Middle East and Africa by Travel + Leisure magazine (behind only Cape Town and Jerusalem), and the ninth-best beach city in the world by National Geographic. First International Bank Tower and Vision Tower built. About 19% of the city land are green spaces. Fares are standardised and metered, but may be negotiated ahead of time with the driver. Followers threaten revenge in Tel Aviv", "In Hamas's Overt Hatred, Many Israelis See Hope", "USATODAY.com – Six killed, scores wounded in suicide attack on Tel Aviv bus", "Tel Aviv bus bomb shatters hopes of truce | World news | The Guardian", "BBC NEWS | Middle East | Fatal bus blast rocks Tel Aviv", "Suicide Bomber Kills 5 on a Bus in Tel Aviv", "CNN.com – Jerrold Kessel: Heart of Tel Aviv hit – 19 September 2002", "Tel Aviv bar and bomb target slowly getting its groove back", "Syria-based Islamic Jihad claims role for Tel Aviv bombing", "Terror Attack Outside Tel Aviv Nightclub Filled With 2,000 Teenagers", "Terror attack in Tel Aviv leaves eight wounded", "Terrorist blows up bus in central Tel Aviv; 10 injured", "Israel-Gaza crisis: 'Bomb blast' on bus in Tel Aviv", "Climate: Tel Aviv-Yafo - Temperature, Climate graph, Climate table", "Tel Aviv Sea Temperature November Average, Israel – Sea Temperatures", "Averages and Records for Tel Aviv (Precipitation, Temperature and Records written in the page)", "Extremes for Tel Aviv [Records of February and May]", "Climatological Information for Tel Aviv, Israel", "Israel Meteorological Service databases", "Tel Aviv mayor fends off deputy, cruises to fifth term", The 20th Knesset — parliament of a splintered, tribal Israel, "How they voted: See Israel election results by city/sector", "Israel 2007 Crime & Safety Report: Tel Aviv", "Unemployment rates in Israel, 2014, CBS (Hebrew)", "Jewish learning on the rise in Tel Aviv", "Synagogue vandalized as gay parade controversy picks up steam", "Population by District, Sub-District and Religion", "Former Chief Rabbi Lau named as chair of Yad Vashem council", Christian Science Monitor: "Israel, land of Jewish refugees, riled by influx of Africans" By Joshua Mitnick, "Tel Aviv airport to make way for luxury project", "Show and Tel Aviv: Israel's artistic coastal city", "Tel Aviv Chic; Exploring Graffiti in Florentine", "Skyscrapers dotting Tel Aviv landscape | j. the Jewish news weekly of Northern California", "No new skyscrapers in central Tel Aviv – Israel Business, Ynetnews", "New skyline for Tel Aviv, Editorial, world architecture news, architecture jobs", "Back to the Future / Everything's up to date in Tel Aviv. The main airport serving Greater Tel Aviv is Ben Gurion International Airport. An average day during autumn and spring has a high of 23 °C (73 °F) to 25 °C (77 °F), and a low of 15 °C (59 °F) to 18 °C (64 °F). Under this plan, road users traveling into the city would pay a fixed fee.[233]. The intended builder and operator of the first line, MTS, has had financial difficulties that postponed the line's opening. In May 2010, the ministry of finance decided to cancel the agreement with MTS due to the difficulties and the agreement was cancelled in August 2010. Approximately 25% of Tel Aviv’s population identifies as gay, which considering the city’s population is about 400,000 that means that some 100,000 people in the city identify themselves as part of the LGBTQ community. [11][12][191] Tel Aviv has branches of some of the world's leading hotels, including the Crowne Plaza, Sheraton, Dan, Isrotel and Hilton. Tel Aviv is a city that is growing with each passing year. The town had rapidly become an attraction to immigrants, with a local activist writing:[39]. En 2016, pour la première fois depuis l'indépenda… [28], Tel Aviv was granted the status of an independent municipality separate from Jaffa in 1934. [130] Compared with Westernised cities, crime in Tel Aviv is relatively low. [122] Sixty-four percent of students in the city are entitled to matriculation, more than 5 percent higher than the national average. It served as the terminus for the Jaffa–Jerusalem railway. Another former first division team, Maccabi Jaffa, is now defunct, as are Maccabi HaTzefon Tel Aviv, Hapoel HaTzefon Tel Aviv and Hakoah Tel Aviv, who merged with Maccabi Ramat Gan and moved to Ramat Gan in 1959. Today, there are 14 cities with a population of more than 100,000. With its mediterranean climate, world-class DJs, gorgeous people, beautiful beach sunsets, and a diverse, hedonistic population that just won’t let the party stop, it is nearly impossible to have a bad time in the Middle East’s most popular party town. [19] On 25 February 1949, the depopulated Palestinian village of al-Shaykh Muwannis was also annexed to Tel Aviv. During the Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine, Jewish Irgun and Lehi guerrillas launched repeated attacks against British military, police, and government targets in the city. The largest area for nightclubs is the Tel Aviv port, where the city's large, commercial clubs and bars draw big crowds of young clubbers from both Tel Aviv and neighboring cities. Since then, high-tech industry in the Tel Aviv area has continued to develop. Hapoel Tel Aviv Sports Club, founded in 1923, comprises more than 11 sports clubs,[213] including Hapoel Tel Aviv Football Club (13 championships, 16 State Cups, one Toto Cup and once Asian champions) which plays in Bloomfield Stadium, and Hapoel Tel Aviv Basketball Club.