Didier Drogba - 69 goals and 33 assists at Stamford Bridge The ultimate 'big game' player. March 1, 2023 at 09:52 Raphael Lemkin defined genocide as follows: "Generally speaking, genocide does not necessarily mean the immediate destruction of a nation, except when accomplished by mass . Various explanations have been made, including the ideas that Elijah meant a general area and not a specific place, or that there were pools or streams that carried the blood from Ahabs chariot to the waters of Jezreel, or that this was fulfilled in the blood that ran in the veins of Ahabs son Joram (2 Kings 9:25). What Does It Really Mean That Your Body Is a Temple? 'Watering Down' Israeli Apartheid Finally, this parable teaches that the final outcome of our lives depends on the obligation we honor in our lives every day. Ahab was a kind of penitent. Even when the prophet Elijah gave up and ran away, God went after Him. The man refused to give the king his family's inheritance, as it was against customary law to sell one's family inheritance. Jezebel intended that Naboth be revealed as the scapegoat. Ahab's humiliation under the sentence passed upon him, and the favourable message sent him thereupon. Punishments after death are here most insisted on, which, though such as affected the body only, were perhaps designed as figures of the soul's misery after death. He will reveal himself to the meek but confront the arrogant and self-reliant. c) Jezebel would die and the dogs would eat her. It will be a pretty addition to his demesne, a convenient out-let to his palace; and nothing will serve him but it must be his own. What is the significance of 1 Kings 21:27-29? When Ahab heard these words, he tore his clothes, put on sackcloth and fasted. Box 2268 Westerly, RI 02891. It was not fulfilled, because Ahab died in Samaria and the dogs licked his blood there (1 Kings 22:38), instead of in Jezreel where Naboth was murdered. i. Perhaps his time was spent training the prophet Elisha to take his place. Live Cricket Score: Catch the latest Live Cricket Match Full Scorecard, Cricket Scorecard report of Chennai Super Kings vs Kolkata Knight Riders online at Hindustan Times. a. Humility is a change in the heart Login. The very bad character that is given of Ahab (v. 25, 26), which comes in here to justify God in the heavy sentence passed upon him, and to show that though it was passed upon occasion of his sin in the matter of Naboth (which David's sin in the matter of Uriah did too much resemble), yet God would not have punished him so severely if he had not been guilty of many other sins, especially idolatry; whereas David, except in that one matter, did that which was right. i. And it came to pass, when Jezebel heard that Naboth had been stoned and was dead, that Jezebel said to Ahab, Arise, take possession of the vineyard of Naboth the Jezreelite, which he refused to give you for money; for Naboth is not alive, but dead. So it was, when Ahab heard that Naboth was dead, that Ahab got up and went down to take possession of the vineyard of Naboth the Jezreelite. 1 Kings 21:1-21 - Sermon Writer "Have you noticed how Ahab has humbled himself before me? Proclaim a fast: The idea was that some evil or calamity came upon Israel, and a scapegoat had to be found for the evil. But the father of the prophets is sent to try him, and condemn him, for his murder. I will make your house like the house of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, and like the house of Baasha the son of Ahijah, because of the provocation with which you have provoked Me to anger, and made Israel sin. And concerning Jezebel the LORD also spoke, saying, The dogs shall eat Jezebel by the wall of Jezreel. The dogs shall eat whoever belongs to Ahab and dies in the city, and the birds of the air shall eat whoever dies in the field.. It is a story of prophecy and grace. This may serve for a pretence to set him on high among the people, to call him to the bar. He was willing to trade for the land or to pay for it. Then God tells Elijah to leave the town and hide in a ravine that lies east of Jordan. Ahab goes to take possession, ver 15-16. 3. Ahab sets his eye and heart on this vineyard, v. 2. i. Elijah finds the indictment against him, and convicts him upon the notorious evidence of the fact (v. 19): Hast thou killed, and also taken possession? 15 And it came to pass, when Jezebel heard that Naboth was stoned, and was dead, that Jezebel said to Ahab, Arise, take possession of the vineyard of Naboth the Jezreelite, which he refused to give thee for money: for Naboth is not alive, but dead. Due to security reasons we are not able to show or modify cookies from other domains. There is no wickedness so vile, so horrid, but religion has sometimes been made a cover for it. We never send unsolicited requests for funds. (17-24) God pronounces judgment upon Ahab. he was lord over ten-twelfths of the land, and became miserable because he could not get a poor man's vineyard added to all that he possessed! Commentary; Playing Xi; Statistics; H2H; Ganga Warriors Inning GW Inning 105/4 (10 ov) DK Super Kings Inning DSK Inning 109/4 (8.5 ov) Commentary. She went out that morning to gather sticks, not to meet a guest. She borrows the privy-seal, but the king shall not know what she will do with it. 25:27-30 ), so He was willing to show them mercy. Apparently, God holds husbands who follow their wives into sin to a special accountability. Articles, monographs and books hosted on this site by Authors with Surnames beginning with N He never considered Naboths feelings. To stand amazed at the wickedness of the wicked, and the power of Satan in the children of disobedience. But Elijah did not repent. b) Ahabs family would be killed and eaten by dogs and birds. Then Ahab had countenanced the reformation, and therefore then all was well between him and the prophet; but now he had relapsed, and was worse than ever. In order to gratify him, she projects and compasses the death of Naboth. Click to enable/disable essential site cookies. 9. It is likely that the entire family of Naboth was murdered, so no heirs were left to claim his property. To commit the keeping of our lives and comforts to God, for innocency itself will not always be our security. Then the word of the LORD came to Elijah the Tishbite, saying, Arise, go down to meet Ahab king of Israel, who lives in Samaria. Did Elijah ever regain his confidence and courage? Shubman Gill c Steven Smith b Matthew Kuhnemann 21 (18) Those have forgotten both the duty and affection of the conjugal relation that interest not themselves in each other's troubles. MetPublications is a portal to the Met's comprehensive book and online publishing program from 1964 to the present. Sermons From My Heart: 1 Kings 21:17-29 Prophecy and Grace 1 Kings Chapter 17 begins with the prophet Elijah telling King Ahab that there will be a drought that will only end when the Lord says it will. The house of David was broken internally by the rebellion of Jeroboam I (see 1 Kings 12), and externally by the conquests of the Assyrians and the Babylonians (see 2 Kings 15:29; 17:1-6; 18:9-13; 24; 25). Perhaps they were secretly murdered, that they might not claim their father's estate nor complain of the wrong done him. This is added to show that temptations to sin are no excuse to the sinner. (Poole). He had all the delights of Canaan, that pleasant land, at command; the wealth of a kingdom, the pleasures of a court, and the honours and powers of a throne; yet all avails him nothing without Naboth's vineyard. Humility and pride are opposites and cannot exist together. Alexander Maclaren noted three types of dangerous characters in this chapter: (1) Ahab, who was wicked and weak. And he laid him down upon his bed, and turned away his face, and would eat no bread. It is a sin that is its own parent; it arises not from the condition, but from the mind: as we find Paul contented in a prison, so Ahab was discontented in a palace. i. It must be done under colour of justice too, and with the formalities of a legal process. He was as before (ch. The following cookies are also needed - You can choose if you want to allow them: You can read about our cookies and privacy settings in detail on our Privacy Policy Page. Elijah meets him, and denounces the judgments of God against him for his injustice, ver 17-24. Ahab was a great sinner, but he won great mercy (in this life) through humble repentance. Proud member [1.] We notice that Elijah confronted Ahab (you murdered) over the sin of Jezebel and her wicked associates. (Read text). This reminds us of what God said to Adam in pronouncing the curse after the sin in the Garden of Eden: Because you have heeded the voice of your wife (Genesis 3:17). b. J. Wallace Hamilton, in his book What About Tomorrow, tells the story of a wealthy builder. Art thou fit to govern Israel, who hast no better a government of thy own passions? I will recompense his temporary repentance with a temporary deliverance. (Trapp). Wherefore he saith, God resisteth the proud, but giveth grace unto the humble. Note some of the results of God resisting or working against the proud. Humility is having a right view of Gods sovereignty and seeing ourselves as God sees us nothing more, but nothing less. Because he has humbled himself before Me, I will not bring the calamity in his days. 1 Kings 21:17-29. Torrent: Exodus - Gods and Kings (2014) (2160p BluRay x265 HEVC 10bit HDR AAC 7.1 Tigole) (13.9 GB) Has total of 1 files and has 6 Seeders and 1 Peers. He married the wicked Baal-worshipping Gentile, Jezebel, who stirred him up to work wickedness in the sight of God, v.25. Now, (1.) Although Jezebel stirred him up, Ahab was responsible for his own sins. Inordinate desires expose men to continual vexations, and those that are disposed to fret, be they ever so happy, will always find something or other to fret at. Best Conservative Political Commentary on the Net 4 years ago DEFEAT OBAMA'S AGENDA. 1 Kings 21:17 And the word of the LORD came to Elijah the Tishbite, saying, 1 Kings 21:18 Arise, go down to meet Ahab king of Israel, which is in Samaria: behold, he is in the vineyard of Naboth, whither he is gone down to possess it. And then carry him out, and stone him, that he may die. [2.] No less than his blood will serve to atone for the affront he has given to Ahab, which she thirsts after the more greedily because of his adherence to the law of the God of Israel. Get Ball by Ball Commentary of Cayman Is vs Panama, ICC Men's T20 World Enduring Word Bible Commentary 1 Kings Chapter 17 Search. Favour was shown to this wicked man that God might magnify his goodness (says bishop Sanderson) even to the hazard of his other divine perfections; as if (says he) God would be thought unholy, or untrue, or unjust (though he be none of these), or any thing, rather than unmerciful. Like his father, he had a weakness for women that would bring him down. Lake Highlands celebrate a 81-43 win over Arlington Bowie in a Class 6A bi-district playoff game . 22:27-29) and Jehoiachin ( 2 Kin. Had she sent witnesses to inform against him, the judges (who must go secundum allegata et probataaccording to allegations and proofs) might have been imposed upon, and their sentence might have been rather their unhappiness than their crime; but to oblige them to find the witnesses, sons of Belial, to suborn them themselves, and then to give judgment upon a testimony which they knew to be false, was such an impudent defiance to every thing that is just and sacred as we hope cannot be paralleled in any story. 6 And he said unto her, Because I spake unto Naboth the Jezreelite, and said unto him, Give me thy vineyard for money; or else, if it please thee, I will give thee another vineyard for it: and he answered, I will not give thee my vineyard. Commentary: The World Health Organization Endorses Lockdowns Forever. This discovers the great goodness of God, and his readiness to show mercy, which here rejoices against judgment. That he hated him. Ahab's dynasty was brought to an end by God because of his disobedience and evil acts. Ahab's repentance was only what might be seen of men; it was outward only. PDF Plano Bible Chapel - Plano Bible Chapel | 1900 Shiloh Road, Plano 75074 (Jeremiah 9:23-24) Thus saith the LORD, Let not the wise man glory in his wisdom, neither let the mighty man glory in his might, let not the rich man glory in his riches: But let him that glorieth glory in this, that he understandeth and knoweth me, that I am the LORD which exercise lovingkindness, judgment, and righteousness, in the earth: for in these things I delight, saith the LORD. Perhaps Those tyrants that by their wicked orders debauch the consciences of their inferior magistrates may perhaps find at last the wheel return upon them, and that those who will not stick to do one cruel thing for them will be as ready to do another cruel thing against them. b. Humility produces a change in ones actions 1 Kings 21 | Bible Teaching Notes Jesus, on the other hand, is "gentle and lowly in heart" (Matt 11:29). Changes will take effect once you reload the page. It must be done under colour of religion: "Proclaim a fast; signify to your city that you are apprehensive of some dreadful judgment coming upon you, which you must endeavour to avert, not only by prayer, but by finding out and by putting away the accursed thing; pretend to be afraid that there is some great offender among you undiscovered, for whose sake God is angry with your city; charge the people, if they know of any such, on that solemn occasion to inform against him, as they regard the welfare of the city; and at last let Naboth be fastened upon as the suspected person, probably because he does not join with his neighbours in their worship. i. 1Kings 2 tells how this shepherd, warrior, king, and psalmist went to be with the Lord. If Naboth's sons were all put to death, Ahab thought himself entitled to the estate, ob defectum sanguinisin default of heirs (as our law expresses it); if not, yet, Naboth dying as a criminal, he claimed it ob delictum criminisas forfeited by his crime. The story in 1 Kings 21:17-29 is the aftermath of King Ahab' theft of Naboth's vineyard by murder. . During his time at Chelsea, then-manager Jose Mourinho came under some undue criticism for playing with only one striker, where most clubs adopted the traditional 4-4-2.. 69 goals throughout his duplicitous tenure at Stamford Bridge alone proves that . Click on the different category headings to find out more. The word of the Lord to Ahab (1 Kings 21:19) was pointed at Ahab, and He did not let him put the blame on Jezebel. Naboth, perhaps, had been pleased that he had a vineyard situated so near the palace, but the situation proved fatal to him; many a man's possessions have been his snare, and his neighbourhood to greatness, of bad consequence. And 2 Ahab spake unto Naboth, saying, Give me thy vineyard, that I may have it for a garden of . The elders of Jezreel sent notice to Jezebel very unconcernedly, sent it to her as a piece of agreeable news, Naboth is stoned and is dead, v. 14. Had she sent to them to hire some of their banditti, some desperate ruffians, to assassinate him, to stab him as he went along the streets in the night, the deed would have been bad enough; but to destroy him by a course of law, to use that power for the murdering of the innocent which ought to be their protection, was such a violent perversion of justice and judgment as was truly monstrous, yet such as we are directed not to marvel at, Eccl 5 8. Your help keeps the GCM website online for growing Christians around the world! That thine eyes may be open. ] ii. . People do not like to take responsibility for their own sins, so they look for a scapegoat. The proud man is naturally wrapped up in his own importance, often speaks to make his audience feel their inferiority. There he is, in the vineyard of Naboth, where he has gone down to take possession of it. Naboth would by no means part with it (v. 3): The Lord forbid it me; and the Lord did forbid it, else he would not have been so rude and uncivil to his prince as not to gratify him in so small a matter. (2.) And it came to pass after these things that Naboth the Jezreelite had a vineyard which was in Jezreel, next to the palace of Ahab king of Samaria. i. We use cookies to let us know when you visit our websites, how you interact with us, to enrich your user experience, and to customize your relationship with our website. Commentary, explanation and study verse by verse. This shows, [1.] Even with Naboth dead, the land did not belong to Ahab or the royal house of Israel. Benefits of Humility Live Cricket Score, Chennai Super Kings vs Kolkata Knight Riders This teaches us to take notice of that which is good even in those who are not so good as they should be: let it be commended as far as it goes. 1 kings 8:27-30 - Bible Commentaries - page 8 of 9 God held Ahab responsible, and He holds each one of us responsible for our own sins. He is welcome to the fruits of it, welcome to walk in it; Naboth perhaps would have made him a lease of it for his life, to please him; but nothing will please him unless he have an absolute property in it, he and his heirs for ever. arise, and eat bread, and let thine heart be merry: I will give thee the vineyard of Naboth the Jezreelite. Although, Some say that Ahab was his next kinsman, his sons being dead; which they judge more likely, because his land was next to the kings (Poole). b. Humility produces a change in one's actions. Published. 2) I like how Charles Buck describes humility. Why did Ahab blame Elijah for his troubles? Click here to Magnet Download the torrent. Three years later, Ahab was dead under Gods judgment. Check to enable permanent hiding of message bar and refuse all cookies if you do not opt in. God may withhold judgment He is now in Naboth's vineyard, where he has gone to take possession of it. live. May 17, 2021 May 16, 2021 RealClearWire. d) (Daniel 4:37) Now I Nebuchadnezzar praise and extol and honour the King of heaven, all whose works are truth, and his ways judgment: and those that walk in pride he is able to abase. 19th Match. Matthew Henrys Bible Commentary (concise), Matthew Henry Bible Commentary (complete), California - Do Not Sell My Personal Information. . Say: Last week we learned that God is a God of new beginnings. Have you murdered and also taken possession, In the place where dogs licked the blood of Naboth, dogs shall lick your blood, even yours, You have sold yourself to do evil in the sight of the LORD, I will take away your posterity, and cut off from Ahab every male in Israel, The dogs shall eat Jezebel by the wall of Jezreel, There was no one like Ahab who sold himself to do wickedness in the sight of the LORD, because Jezebel his wife stirred him up, According to all that the Amorites had done, whom the LORD had cast out. 1 Kings 21 - Clarke's Commentary - Bible Commentaries - StudyLight.org 2 r Bear one another's burdens, and s so fulfill t the law of Christ. He lay in sackcloth and went around meekly. Elijah Rebukes King AhabElijah Confronts Ahab1 Kings 21: 17-29The Lord Condemns Ahab1Ki 21:17 Then the word of the LORD came to Elijah the Tishbite, saying,. AL Fayha FC Vs Abha Club Score & Live Commentary Online - Catch AL Fayha FC Vs Abha Club, Saudi Pro League 2022-23 Live Commentary, Match Results, Highlights & Full Match Updates Online at . I will take away your posterity, and will cut off from Ahab every male in Israel, both bond and free. The Psalmist wrote, (Psalms 10:4) The wicked, through the pride of his countenance, will not seek after God: God is not in all his thoughts. Ahab is now set to the bar, as Naboth was, and trembles more than he did. Ahab covets Naboth's vineyard. Commentary on 1 Kings 21:17-29 (Read 1 Kings 21:17-29) Blessed Paul complains that he was sold under sin, Romans 7:14, as a poor captive against his will; but Ahab was willing, he sold himself to sin; of choice, and as his own act and deed, he loved the dominion of sin. The message with which Elijah was sent to him, when he went to take possession of Naboth's vineyard, v. 17-19. III. He will give rest to the weary while the proud will be left to carry their own heavy burdens. He told him from God that his family should be ruined and rooted out (v. 21) and all his posterity cut off,that his house should be made like the houses of his wicked predecessors, Jeroboam and Baasha (v. 22), particularly that those who died in the city should be meat for dogs and those who died in the field meat for birds (v. 24), which had been foretold of Jeroboam's house (ch. (2.) Keep watch on yourself, lest you too be tempted. Never were more wicked orders given by any prince than those which Jezebel sent to the magistrates of Jezreel, v. 8-10. Her end would be both horrible and disgraceful. 19 Say to him, 'This is what the Lord says: Have you not murdered a man and seized his property?' Article Images Copyright 2023 Getty Images unless otherwise indicated. says Jezebel (v. 7), Dost thou govern Israel? 4. 16 And it came to pass, when Ahab heard that Naboth was dead, that Ahab rose up to go down to the vineyard of Naboth the Jezreelite, to take possession of it. b) (Proverbs 16:5) Every one that is proud in heart is an abomination to the LORD: though hand join in hand, he shall not be unpunished. 20 13. Then they carried him forth out of the city, and stoned him with stones, that he died. [12] "Asherah poles": Hebrew: asherim. 4 And Ahab came into his house heavy and displeased because of the word which Naboth the Jezreelite had spoken to him: for he had said, I will not give thee the inheritance of my fathers. The Life and Times of Elijah the Prophet Israel's Deliverance ( 1 Kings 20:1-43) 11. He was still a proud hardened sinner, and yet thus reduced. Ottawa Senators (Last Ranking: 23) 22: Washington Capitals (Last Ranking: 20) 21. They proclaimed a fast, and seated Naboth with high honor among the people. b. Dallas-area storylines to know for 2023 UIL boys basketball regional Among them, the ones who believe least in freedom entrenched their power, thanks . This encourages all those that truly repent and unfeignedly believe the holy gospel. The Cloisters Apocalypse: An Early Fourteenth-Century Manuscript in 1 Kings 21:19 The place is Naboth's vineyard and the time just when he is taking possession of it; then, and there, must his doom be read him. They cannot exist together. (5-16) Elijah denounces judgments against Ahab. Braves news: Surprise candidate emerges for potential rotation spot Amos soteria.ru He was lord over ten-twelfths of the land, and became miserable because he could not get a poor mans vineyard added to all that he possessed! (Clarke). Introduction: No one is born humble. The person sent is Elijah. 2) Ahab thought only of himself. Study Guide for 1 Kings 21 by David Guzik - Blue Letter Bible Naboth dies by Jezebel's plot, that the vineyard may escheat to Ahab, ver 5-14. He laid him down upon his bed Poor soul! GW vs DSK Live Score Todays GW vs DSK Live scorecard Ganga Warriors vs DK Super Kings Live Cricket Score Ganga Cricket Cup T10, 2023. . The last 14 months elevated a global group of intellectuals and bureaucrats about which most people had previously cared very little. 1) In the story of the Pharisee and publican praying in the temple, Jesus said, (Luke 18:13-14) And the publican, standing afar off, would not lift up so much as his eyes unto heaven, but smote upon his breast, saying, God be merciful to me a sinner. 2. 7, a 4A Region II rematch and more. 1And it came to pass after these things, 1 that Naboth the Jezreelite had a vineyard, which was in Jezreel, hard by the palace of Ahab king of Samaria. You can check these in your browser security settings. 12/06 - 12/13 (29) 11/29 - 12/06 (29) 11/22 - 11/29 (23 ) 11/15 - 11/ . Bible Examples. God gently prodded Elijah to see that fearing the evil Jezebel and running away was sin. a) (Proverbs 11:2) When pride cometh, then cometh shame: but with the lowly is wisdom. Exodus - Gods and Kings (2014) (2160p BluRay x265 HEVC 10bit HDR AAC 7. Galatians 4 - Tell me, you who desire to be under the law, do you not It is a sin that is its own parent. We as Christians know that all people are responsible to God for their actions. And he answered, I have found thee: because thou hast sold thyself to work evil in the sight of the Lord. b) Ahab selfishly pouted when he didnt get his way, v.4. We may request cookies to be set on your device. 1 Kings 21 Commentary - Matthew Henry Commentary on the Whole Bible If a pretending partial penitent shall go to his house reprieved, doubtless a sincere penitent shall go to his house justified. ii. 2) Though we have no record of Ahabs verbal confession, his actions revealed a change of heart. (1-4) Naboth murdered by Jezebel. Rovman Powell 64 . Humility does not just happen, yet it is very beneficial. We know this because God said so, v.29. But sometimes rulers expect citizens to do what would displease God. 1 Kings 21:17-29 17 Then the word of the LORD came to Elijah the Tishbite: 18 "Go down to meet Ahab king of Israel, who rules in Samaria. Perhaps Naboth had been pleased that he had a vineyard which lay so advantageously for a prospect of the royal gardens, or the vending of its productions to the royal family; but the situation of it proved fatal to him. By nature, the innocent does not need mercy. Art thou a king? 4. 24 Him that dieth of Ahab in the city the dogs shall eat; and him that dieth in the field shall the fowls of the air eat. Dont be surprised if the world hates you. 1 John 3:13. Have you ever been blamed and hated because you told someone the truth by preaching the gospel? Never were wicked orders more wickedly obeyed than these were by the magistrates of Jezreel. Please see our Privacy Policy for cookie usage details. This shows how God's unseen hand often works. 3. Additionally, drivers can earn or lose a point depending on where they finish. While Elder might not offer as high of a ceiling as the likes of Soroka or Anderson, he's stable enough and . 2) Ahabs humility was sincere. Then, to obey God, His people must disobey the rulers. 1) God had tolerated Ahabs wickedness for years, but his prideful disregard for Naboth and the laws of God was the last straw. Then take him out, and stone him, that he may die. So the men of his city, the elders and nobles who were inhabitants of his city, did as Jezebel had sent to them, as it was written in the letters which she had sent to them. 1. Naboth must be murdered under colour of religion. When he is about to fill his belly, God shall cast the fury of his wrath upon him, Job 20 14, 20, 23. In the days of his son I will bring the calamity on his house.. i. p. Alas, was it not she that governed it really, with more daring ungodliness than Ahab, her puppet husband? (Knapp), And she wrote letters in Ahabs name, sealed them with his seal, and sent the letters to the elders and the nobles who were dwelling in the city with Naboth. Let us take occasion from this sad story, (1.) What is the significance of 1 Kings 21:27-29? - Greg Boyd (1.) You shall speak to him, saying, Thus says the LORD: Have you murdered and also taken possession? And you shall speak to him, saying, Thus says the LORD: In the place where dogs licked the blood of Naboth, dogs shall lick your blood, even yours. So Ahab said to Elijah, Have you found me, O my enemy? And he answered, I have found you, because you have sold yourself to do evil in the sight of the LORD: Behold, I will bring calamity on you. a. Ahab went into his house sullen and displeased: This seemed entirely characteristic of Ahab. We provide you with a list of stored cookies on your computer in our domain so you can check what we stored.
Caroline Somers Net Worth, Alexandra Claire Marino, Rvol Indicator Thinkorswim, Acting Auditions For 16 Year Olds 2021, Colorado Court Case Number Format, Articles OTHER